Pemirsa zodized, sebagai gambaran berikut gambaran cadangan batubara di dunia, prudusen, konsumen, ekportir dan importir versi wikipedia :
Importir Batubara
|
Proved recoverable coal reserves at
end-2008 (million tons (teragrams))
|
|||||
|
Country
|
Anthracite & Bituminous
|
SubBituminous
|
Lignite
|
Total
|
Percentage of World Total
|
|
United States
|
108,501
|
98,618
|
30,176
|
237,295
|
22.6
|
|
Russia
|
49,088
|
97,472
|
10,450
|
157,010
|
14.4
|
|
China
|
62,200
|
33,700
|
18,600
|
114,500
|
12.6
|
|
Australia
|
37,100
|
2,100
|
37,200
|
76,400
|
8.9
|
|
India
|
56,100
|
0
|
4,500
|
60,600
|
7
|
|
Germany
|
99
|
0
|
40,600
|
40,699
|
4.7
|
|
Ukraine
|
15,351
|
16,577
|
1,945
|
33,873
|
3.9
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
21,500
|
0
|
12,100
|
33,600
|
3.9
|
|
South Africa
|
30,156
|
0
|
0
|
30,156
|
3.5
|
|
Serbia
|
9
|
361
|
13,400
|
13,770
|
1.6
|
|
Colombia
|
6,366
|
380
|
0
|
6,746
|
0.8
|
|
Canada
|
3,474
|
872
|
2,236
|
6,528
|
0.8
|
|
Poland
|
4,338
|
0
|
1,371
|
5,709
|
0.7
|
|
Indonesia
|
1,520
|
2,904
|
1,105
|
5,529
|
0.6
|
|
Brazil
|
0
|
4,559
|
0
|
4,559
|
0.5
|
|
Greece
|
0
|
0
|
3,020
|
3,020
|
0.4
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
484
|
0
|
2,369
|
2,853
|
0.3
|
|
Mongolia
|
1,170
|
0
|
1,350
|
2,520
|
0.3
|
|
Bulgaria
|
2
|
190
|
2,174
|
2,366
|
0.3
|
|
Pakistan
|
0
|
166
|
1,904
|
2,070
|
0.3
|
|
Turkey
|
529
|
0
|
1,814
|
2,343
|
0.3
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
47
|
0
|
1,853
|
1,900
|
0.2
|
|
Hungary
|
13
|
439
|
1,208
|
1,660
|
0.2
|
|
Thailand
|
0
|
0
|
1,239
|
1,239
|
0.1
|
|
Mexico
|
860
|
300
|
51
|
1,211
|
0.1
|
|
Iran
|
1,203
|
0
|
0
|
1,203
|
0.1
|
|
Czech Republic
|
192
|
0
|
908
|
1,100
|
0.1
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
0
|
0
|
812
|
812
|
0.1
|
|
Albania
|
0
|
0
|
794
|
794
|
0.1
|
|
North Korea
|
300
|
300
|
0
|
600
|
0.1
|
|
New Zealand
|
33
|
205
|
333-7,000
|
571–15,000
|
0.1
|
|
Spain
|
200
|
300
|
30
|
530
|
0.1
|
|
Laos
|
4
|
0
|
499
|
503
|
0.1
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
502
|
0
|
0
|
502
|
0.1
|
|
Argentina
|
0
|
0
|
500
|
500
|
0.1
|
|
All others
|
3,421
|
1,346
|
846
|
5,613
|
0.7
|
|
World Total
|
404,762
|
260,789
|
195,387
|
860,938
|
100
|
Perkiraan Banyaknya Batubara Terbukti :
|
Production of Coal by Country and
year (million tonnes)
|
|||||||||||
|
Country
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
Share
|
Reserve Life (years)
|
|
China
|
1834.9
|
2122.6
|
2349.5
|
2528.6
|
2691.6
|
2802
|
2973
|
3235
|
3520
|
49.50%
|
35
|
|
United States
|
972.3
|
1008.9
|
1026.5
|
1054.8
|
1040.2
|
1063
|
975.2
|
983.7
|
992.8
|
14.10%
|
239
|
|
India
|
375.4
|
407.7
|
428.4
|
449.2
|
478.4
|
515.9
|
556
|
573.8
|
588.5
|
5.60%
|
103
|
|
European Union
|
637.2
|
627.6
|
607.4
|
595.1
|
592.3
|
563.6
|
538.4
|
535.7
|
576.1
|
4.20%
|
97
|
|
Australia
|
350.4
|
364.3
|
375.4
|
382.2
|
392.7
|
399.2
|
413.2
|
424
|
415.5
|
5.80%
|
184
|
|
Russia
|
276.7
|
281.7
|
298.3
|
309.9
|
313.5
|
328.6
|
301.3
|
321.6
|
333.5
|
4.00%
|
471
|
|
Indonesia
|
114.3
|
132.4
|
152.7
|
193.8
|
216.9
|
240.2
|
256.2
|
275.2
|
324.9
|
5.10%
|
17
|
|
South Africa
|
237.9
|
243.4
|
244.4
|
244.8
|
247.7
|
252.6
|
250.6
|
254.3
|
255.1
|
3.60%
|
118
|
|
Germany
|
204.9
|
207.8
|
202.8
|
197.1
|
201.9
|
192.4
|
183.7
|
182.3
|
188.6
|
1.10%
|
216
|
|
Poland
|
163.8
|
162.4
|
159.5
|
156.1
|
145.9
|
144
|
135.2
|
133.2
|
139.2
|
1.40%
|
41
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
84.9
|
86.9
|
86.6
|
96.2
|
97.8
|
111.1
|
100.9
|
110.9
|
115.9
|
1.50%
|
290
|
|
World Total
|
5,301.30
|
5,716.00
|
6,035.30
|
6,342.00
|
6,573.30
|
6,795.00
|
6,880.80
|
7,254.60
|
7,695.40
|
100%
|
112
|
Perkiraan Konsumen Batuubara Dunia
|
Consumption
of Coal by Country and year (million short tons)
|
|||||
|
Country
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
Share
|
|
China
|
2,966
|
3,188
|
3,695
|
4,053
|
50.70%
|
|
United
States
|
1,121
|
997
|
1,048
|
1,003
|
12.50%
|
|
India
|
641
|
705
|
722
|
788
|
9.90%
|
|
Russia
|
250
|
204
|
256
|
262
|
3.30%
|
|
Germany
|
268
|
248
|
256
|
256
|
3.30%
|
|
South
Africa
|
215
|
204
|
206
|
210
|
2.60%
|
|
Japan
|
204
|
181
|
206
|
202
|
2.50%
|
|
Poland
|
149
|
151
|
149
|
162
|
2.00%
|
|
World Total
|
7,327
|
7,318
|
7,994
|
N/A
|
100%
|
Exportir Batubara
|
Exports of
Coal by Country and year (million short tons)
|
|||||||||
|
Country
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
Share
|
|
Australia
|
238.1
|
247.6
|
255
|
255
|
268.5
|
278
|
288.5
|
328.1
|
27.10%
|
|
Indonesia
|
107.8
|
131.4
|
142
|
192.2
|
221.9
|
228.2
|
261.4
|
316.2
|
26.10%
|
|
Russia
|
41
|
55.7
|
98.6
|
103.4
|
112.2
|
115.4
|
130.9
|
122.1
|
10.10%
|
|
United
States
|
43
|
48
|
51.7
|
51.2
|
60.6
|
83.5
|
60.4
|
83.2
|
6.90%
|
|
South
Africa
|
78.7
|
74.9
|
78.8
|
75.8
|
72.6
|
68.2
|
73.8
|
76.7
|
6.30%
|
|
Colombia
|
50.4
|
56.4
|
59.2
|
68.3
|
74.5
|
74.7
|
75.7
|
76.4
|
6.30%
|
|
Canada
|
27.7
|
28.8
|
31.2
|
31.2
|
33.4
|
36.5
|
31.9
|
36.9
|
3.00%
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
30.3
|
27.4
|
28.3
|
30.5
|
32.8
|
47.6
|
33
|
36.3
|
3.00%
|
|
Vietnam
|
6.9
|
11.7
|
19.8
|
23.5
|
35.1
|
21.3
|
28.2
|
24.7
|
2.00%
|
|
China
|
103.4
|
95.5
|
93.1
|
85.6
|
75.4
|
68.8
|
25.2
|
22.7
|
1.90%
|
|
Mongolia
|
0.5
|
1.7
|
2.3
|
2.5
|
3.4
|
4.4
|
7.7
|
18.3
|
1.50%
|
|
Poland
|
28
|
27.5
|
26.5
|
25.4
|
20.1
|
16.1
|
14.6
|
18.1
|
1.50%
|
|
Total
|
713.9
|
764
|
936
|
1,000.60
|
1,073.40
|
1,087.30
|
1,090.80
|
1,212.80
|
100%
|
Importir Batubara
|
Imports of Coal by
Country and year (million short tons)
|
||||||
|
Country
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
Share
|
|
Japan
|
199.7
|
209
|
206
|
182.1
|
206.7
|
17.50%
|
|
China
|
42
|
56.2
|
44.5
|
151.9
|
195.1
|
16.60%
|
|
South Korea
|
84.1
|
94.1
|
107.1
|
109.9
|
125.8
|
10.70%
|
|
India
|
52.7
|
29.6
|
70.9
|
76.7
|
101.6
|
8.60%
|
|
Taiwan
|
69.1
|
72.5
|
70.9
|
64.6
|
71.1
|
6.00%
|
|
Germany
|
50.6
|
56.2
|
55.7
|
45.9
|
55.1
|
4.70%
|
|
Turkey
|
22.9
|
25.8
|
21.7
|
22.7
|
30
|
2.50%
|
|
United Kingdom
|
56.8
|
48.9
|
49.2
|
42.2
|
29.3
|
2.50%
|
|
Italy
|
27.9
|
28
|
27.9
|
20.9
|
23.7
|
1.90%
|
|
Netherlands
|
25.7
|
29.3
|
23.5
|
22.1
|
22.8
|
1.90%
|
|
Russia
|
28.8
|
26.3
|
34.6
|
26.8
|
21.8
|
1.90%
|
|
France
|
24.1
|
22.1
|
24.9
|
18.3
|
20.8
|
1.80%
|
|
United States
|
40.3
|
38.8
|
37.8
|
23.1
|
20.6
|
1.80%
|
|
Total
|
991.8
|
1,056.50
|
1,063.20
|
1,039.80
|
1,178.10
|
100%
|
saya nggak faham nih mas dengan batubara ini.
ReplyDeletemenyimak saja deh,kayaknya mas admin kerja dibatubara ya.koq faham banget
sebagai catatn pribadi kang biar bisa di buka dimana saja. Mungkin bukan paham banget kang terpaksa harus tau. hehehehe. Mkasih kang sudah mampir2
ReplyDeleteMks tambah lagi pengetahuan saya seputar coal mks mang
ReplyDeletesama - sama pak alma yono. Terimaasih atas kunjungannya. silahkan menambahkan pak.
Delete